Fair Trade

Small Farmers Hold Key to Feeding the World

Published January 28, 2009 @ 06:17PM PT

Image copyright Michael Courville and Jennifer Tong]

The food system is in trouble with food sovereignty being threatened and nearly one billion in the world starving everyday. Many possible measures have been put on the table in order to fix the situation and I called out to the Fair Trade movement to looks within ourselves to be part of that dialogue. How should the movement  address the situation and collaborate with others? While asking how, we should also explore why the Fair Trade movement is so important in this dialogue and what the Fair Trade movement can bring.

The movement has been a long time champion of small-scale farmers by voicing out against farmer injustices and setting up an alternative trade system that benefits them rather than work against them. Unfortunately, agribusiness continues to work to favor profit over sustainability and human rights and keep on driving small farmers off their land and have incidently been instrumental in creating the current global food crisis. Now it is time to voice out against these injustices not only because it is right but because it is necessary as small farmers hold the key to feeding the world.

In his Guardian article, Small is Bountiful, George Monbiot points out the important role that small farmers can play in feeding the world and that can only be done if big business (and governments) allow them to by giving them back ownership of the land.

Though the rich world’s governments won’t hear it, the issue of whether or not the world will be fed is partly a function of ownership. ..... If governments are serious about feeding the world, they should be breaking up large landholdings, redistributing them to the poor and concentrating their research and their funding on supporting small farms.

Small farms are more productive than larger ones, with a study showing that farms of less than one hectare are twenty times as productive as farms of over ten hectares.

The most plausible explanation is that small farmers use more labour per hectare than big farmers. Their workforce largely consists of members of their own families, which means that labour costs are lower than on large farms (they don’t have to spend money recruiting or supervising workers), while the quality of the work is higher. With more labour, farmers can cultivate their land more intensively: they spend more time terracing and building irrigation systems; they sow again immediately after the harvest; they might grow several different crops in the same field.

Which also points out the ecological benefits of small-scale farming. If we continue to give power to big business, they are going to continue to drive small farmers off their land, leaving them hungry and powerless.

Big business is killing small farming. By extending intellectual property rights over every aspect of production; by developing plants which either won’t breed true or which don’t reproduce at all, it ensures that only those with access to capital can cultivate.

So, how to help these small farmers. Giving ownership back to small farmers and right now, the Fair Trade system is offering hope. With this hope, we can move forward and continue to strengthen the movement and continue to fight for the rights of small farmers.

For many years, well-meaning liberals have supported the fair trade movement because of the benefits it delivers directly to the people it buys from. But the structure of the global food market is changing so rapidly that fair trade is now becoming one of the few means by which small farmers in poor nations might survive. A shift from small to large farms will cause a major decline in global production, just as food supplies become tight. Fair trade might now be necessary not only as a means of redistributing income, but also to feed the world.

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Comments (3)

  1. Elizabeth Gilhuly

    Excellent point Zarah!  I've cross-posted this bit on my blog. Hope to meet you at some point in the future!

    Elizabeth Gilhuly
    Community Organizer
    DC Fair Trade & Social Responsibility Network
    www.DCMakeTradeFair.org

    Posted by Elizabeth Gilhuly on 01/30/2009 @ 03:29PM PT

  2. Reply to thread
  3. gail combs

    Boy have you got it right. 
    The news media has been very silent on the issue of what Corporations and governments are doing to small farming around the world.  That includes the USA, Canada, EU and Australia.

    The USA is not immune to the plans of Corporations and the World Trade Organization.  There are over 2.1 million farms in the USA only 300 thousand gross over $100,000 a year. The average age of the American farmer is 53. Can the US afford to remove 1.8 million families from their homes and put them on welfare? Can we afford to lose the 73 billion dollars worth of food these small farmers produce in a year? (Ag census 2002) Because those are the present plans of the FDA and USDA.

    The USDA is pushing through changes to further the implementation of the WTO agenda of traceability (NAIS). We have the opportunity to stop these changes by commenting on the proposed rule change. Your comments can be made at

    http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/ main?main= DocketDetail&d=APHIS-2007- 0096


    The procedure is simple and painless. You can read the comments of everyone who has participated. All you need to do to comment is to click on the yellow comment tag at the right of the side under the add comments column then follow the directions.


    Some Key points and references for those interested.

    This is an excellent first hand account of how Government and Corporations collaborate to steal land from small farmers " Polish entry into the European Union" http://www.i-sis.org.uk/savePolishCountryside.php

    In the 70's and 80's the IMF and the World Bank blackmailed debt-ridden governments into eliminating high tariffs and into systematically dismantling government support of family farming, thereby sacrificing national food self-sufficiency. A member of the World Bank executive board described this as “unprecedented thoroughgoing interventionism.”
    SAP The globalization of poverty   http://www.doublestandards.org/sap1.html
    Structural Adjustment Policies http://www.whirledbank.org/development/sap.html
    Mr. Budhoo's Bombshell: Former employee Breaks Code of Silence on IMF crimes: http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/IMF_WB/Budhoo_IMF.html

    Then there is the World Trade Organization.  Dan Amstrutz (former VP of Cargill) wrote the draft for the World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture. (WTO AoA). The critical paragraph is: "Measures to trace animals...to provide assurances on...safety ...have been incorporated into international standards... The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures...Aims to ensure THAT GOVERNMENTS DO NOT USE QUARANTINE AND FOOD SAFETY REQUIREMENTS as UNJUSTIFIED TRADE BARRIERS... It provides Member countries with a right to implement traceability {NAIS} as an SPS measure." http://www.cspinet.org/reports/codex/spsnassp.html

    In simple terms The WTO “free trade agreement” allows cheap imports to cross borders without quarantine or other food safety testing. Only Traceability, Risk Assessment, and the SPS measure “Guide to Good Farming Practices” are allowed. The “new food safety policy” is about opening borders to trade without bothering with little things like food poisoning. That is why the USDA cut testing to the bone refuses to allow private testing, closed down disease testing labs, and  turned border checks over to private parties such as a Mexican Cattlemens Association. The result? food recalls and TB in Texas,California and other western state cattle.

    Think of a third world farmer as you read this.
    Guide to Good Farming Practices
    . http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/rt/2502/review25-2BR/25-berlingueri823-836.pdf
    Safe and Secure Food Act of 2005 http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=s109-1534
    NAIS 4th component http://www.naissucks.com/index.php?con=4th_Component
    Report Finds Fundamental Flaws in WTO's Agreement on Agriculture http://www.socialfunds.com/news/article.cgi/891.html
    The WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures - Weakening Food Safety Regulation to Facilitate Trade? http://www.cspinet.org/reports/codex/spsnassp.html

    2007 Farm Policy by Food and Water Watch www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/agricultural-policy/us-farmbill/Farm%20Bill%20April%202007.pdf

    Even worse is what is being done to seed.  Traditionally seed was saved, swapped and traded among farmers.  Over thousands of years seed was bred to thrive in a specific area without irrigation or chemical fertilizer.  Monsanto, Cargill and Maseca-ADM plan to change all that with patents, GMOs and the Global Diversity Treaty.
    Seed Sharing or Biopiracy . http://www.africafocus.org/docs07/bio0712.php
    98 per cent of our vegetable varieties have disappeared. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/agricultural-red-tape-driving-vegetable-varieties-to-extinction-763821.html
    List of 'official' seed varieties: http://www.realseeds.co.uk/terms.html Global Diversity Treaty: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/pdf/1144.pdf
    Monsanto's Seeds of Worry: http://www.mcgilldaily.com/article/2998-seeds-of-worry


    It is time for the USA to wake-up and see what is happening to the World food supply.  Ag business is about profit and they do not care who starves.
    These quotes show the grain traders greed and the level of concern for other humans. Keep in mind that four privately owned grain traders control 90% of the worlds grain. They are Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, Andre, and Bunge. The family members earn about ½ billion a year each. This is in response to Ag Sec Ed Schafer's announcement "the cupboard is bare"

     “In summary, we have record low grain inventories globally as we move into a new crop year. We have demand growing strongly. Which means that going forward even small crop failures are going to drive grain prices to record levels. As an investor, we continue to find these long term trends...very attractive.” Food shortfalls predicted: 2008 http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/dancy/2008/0104.html 

    Recently there have been increased calls for the development of a U.S. or international grain reserve to provide priority access to food supplies for Humanitarian needs. The National Grain and Feed Association (NGFA) and the North American Export Grain Association (NAEGA) strongly advise against this concept..Stock reserves have a documented depressing effect on prices... and resulted in less aggressive market bidding for the grains.July 22, 2008 letter to President Bush http://www.naega.org/images/pdf/grain_reserves_for_food_aid.pdf

    Posted by gail combs on 02/01/2009 @ 04:13PM PT

  4. Michael Marsh

    Gail has done the research now who is going to tell the world governments that the people have had enough.
    Gail mentioned that The USDA is pushing through changes to further the implementation of the WTO agenda of traceability (NAIS). The draft rule is seriously flawed for multiple reasons:1)  Does not substantiate the alleged benefits to animal health.  USDA makes general claims about the benefits of identifying locations where animals are kept, but the agency does not address the ability of existing programs to meet this purpose, nor how the proposed rule would improve the capability to identify locations.  2) Ignores the costs and burdens.  The proposed rule would substantially increase costs for livestock owners and taxpayers.  Costs include the development and maintenance of a massive database; purchase of 840-numbered tags by animal owners; changes by state agencies to make existing programs consistent with the rule; and increased federal government intrusion into the lives and daily activities of farmers and other animal owners.3) Violates individuals' religious beliefs.  Amish, Mennonite, and some other individuals have religious objections to the universal numbering system under NAIS.4) Creates disincentives for people to seek veterinary care for their animals and participate in existing disease control programs.  The proposed rule lists four animal disease programs-tuberculosis , brucellosis, scrapie, and Johne's - and will also impact others.  These programs include provisions for veterinary care through vaccinations and testing.  Animal owners who object to NAIS may avoid participating in these programs, thereby increasing health risks to the public and farm operations. 5) Adds to the confusion.  This rule is the latest in a series of ambiguous and often contradictory documents that the USDA has issued on NAIS.  This has created enormous confusion over the intent of the USDA and problems for both animal owners and state agencies.Moreover, the proposed rule is a significant step towards implementing the entire NAIS program.  Thus, the agency should address the fundamental question of whether it should be implementing NAIS at all.  In addition to the problems with the draft rule listed above, there are many additional objections to the entire NAIS program:1) No significant benefits:USDA's assertions that NAIS will provide benefits for animal health are not supported, and actually contradict basic scientific principles.  2) High costs for animal owners and taxpayers:  These costs include: (1) the development, maintenance, and update of massive databases; (2) the costs of tags, most of which will contain microchips; (3) the labor burdens for tagging every animal; (4) the paperwork burdens of reporting routine movements; and (5) the costs of enforcement on millions of individuals. 3) Impracticality:  The databases to register the properties, identify each animal, and record billions of "events" will dwarf any system currently in existence.  4) Waste of money:  The USDA has already spent over $130 million on NAIS implementation, but has yet to develop a workable plan for the program.  5) Diverts resources from more critical needssuch as disease testing, disease prevention through vaccination and improved animal husbandry practices, and disease detection in currently uninspected livestock imports.6) Damage to food safety efforts:  NAIS will not prevent foodborne illnesses, such as e. coli or salmonella contamination, because the tracking ends at the time of slaughter.  Food safety is better served by focusing on programs such as increased testing for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or Mad Cow), improved oversight of slaughterhouses and food processing facilities, and increased inspections of imported foods.  Programs such as NAIS that burden small, sustainable farmers will hurt efforts to develop safer, decentralized local food systems.7) Discourages involvement in farming or animal husbandry:  Because of costs and government intrusion, some people will choose not to stay in farming or go into farming.  This will result in less competition, greater reliance in foreign imports and poor quality at higher prices

    Posted by Michael Marsh on 02/06/2009 @ 06:10AM PT

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Zarah is the Operations Manager for the Global Exchange Fair Trade Online Store, a project of the international human rights organization, Global Exchange. Alongside her work with marginalized communities from all over the world to get their products into the international market, Zarah serves to educate and inform the public about a more just and sustainable trading system.

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